Aaron's staff => the Supreme Pontiff. Cf. Matthew 16:18-19
The tables of the covenant => the deposit of faith as transmitted through Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition: Catholic dogma.
Ark of the Covenant => the Mother of God/The Catholic Church
Cf. Hebrews 9:4-5
The context of the entire book of Hebrews is the new covenant in the blood of Christ which replaced the old covenant of the blood of animals.
