Monday, January 16, 2023

Good Cheap Wines

What tasters said about 29 cheap, popular wines

Tasting notes from a recent sampling of 29 chardonnays, cabernets and sweet red blends that are among the nation’s most popular, plus a few favorite and widely available Chilean reds. In each category, wines are listed in descending order of preference.

THE CHARDONNAYS

Recommended

1. Woodbridge by Robert Mondavi 2016 ($7.59): Clean and minerally, crisp and light, with peach and pear flavors and a good balance of acid and sweetness. Rather tasty!

2. Robert Mondavi Private Selection 2016 ($11.69): Richer and fatter on the palate, with some oak influence, good medium depth and length. While the Woodbridge appeals to the more modern preference for less oak, this one has a classic California chardonnay style.

Middling

3. Kendall-Jackson Vintner’s Reserve 2016 ($16): Nice fruit, with peach and apricot flavors, but the sweetness detracts from it for me, even if it might account for the wine’s popularity.

4. Chateau Ste. Michelle 2016, Washington ($9): From a venerable Washington state winery celebrating its 50th anniversary, this is mouth-filling and rich, with caramel notes and a strong finish. For those who like fuller bodied chardonnay.

5. Lindeman’s Bin 65 2016, Australia ($9): Like sucking the last bit of peach off the pit, quite quaffable.

6. Barefoot NV California ($8.59): Pleasant but nondescript. Nothing to offend, except its inoffensiveness.

7. Kirkland Sonoma County 2015 ($7): Peachy and sweet but a bit viscous and plodding.

Not Recommended

8. Cupcake 2015 Monterey County ($11): Funky, skunky wet dog.

9. Yellow Tail 2016 Australia ($6.79): Caramel? Plastic? Birthday candle? Sweet and cloying.

10. Sutter Home, NV, California ($10 for 1.5 liter): Smells of sewer gas and is simply unpleasant. Mike Tate could just come up with “poopy.” There was no argument.

THE CABERNETS AND SWEET RED BLENDS

Recommended

1. Santa Rita 120 2015, Maule Valley, Chile ($9): This wine used to be easier to find in the area. I hope it will be in more stores again soon. It shows bright fruit flavors of berries and cherries, and is quite refreshing. Good burger wine, good bargain cabernet.

2. Cousiño-Macul 2015, Maipo Valley, Chile ($10.69): A perennial favorite, even if it is creeping up in price. It shows a fresh nose of black and red fruits, with a smoky, tarry note and excellent body.

3. Los Vascos 2015 Colchagua Valley, Chile ($10): From a Chilean winery owned by Baron Lafite, the owners of Chateau Lafite-Rothschild in Bordeaux, this shows classic blackberry and cherry with mint, sage and rosemary.

Middling

4. Kirkland 2015 California ($8 for 1.5 liters): Blackberry, toffee, with hints of tobacco. On the sweet side, but interesting. At $8 for a magnum, this is a steal for parties.

5. Woodbridge by Robert Mondavi 2015 ($7.69): A bit thick and sweet – the love handles protrude a little on this one, which I can relate to.

6. Beringer Founders’ Estate 2015 ($11): Sweet with jammy, strawberry flavors.

7. Cupcake Vineyards Central Coast 2015 ($11): Nondescript but pleasant, with a sweet finish. You’re drinking this for the label and the cute name, and to have something in your glass while you chat at a party.

8. Robert Mondavi Private Selection 2015 ($8.50): Sweet caramel, cocoa, brown sugar; a bit syrupy. I wouldn’t pour it over ice cream, but boil it down and it might make a good toffee.

9. Columbia Crest Grand Estates 2015 ($11.70): Heavy and viscous, with flavors of candied cherries and a tannic finish. I expected this brand to show better.

10. Yellow Tail Sweet Red Roo, Australia ($6.80): This is not a cabernet but a sweet red blend of grapes that really don’t matter. It’s not bad – blueberry cobbler in a glass. It would benefit from a slight chill and perhaps some fruit slices and a splash of seltzer.

11. Bota Box Cabernet 2015 ($25 for 3 liters, equal to $6.25 a bottle): A bit green and underripe, but there is some nice fruit before a sweet, treacly finish. The best of the best-selling boxed cabernets, although that’s not saying a lot.

12. Walnut Crest 2015, Chile ($7): Cheap is the only appeal here. I included this because Walnut Crest has been a sleeper bargain in the past. Not this vintage. The wine is disjointed, starting tart and fresh but ending with unpleasant cooked flavors.

Not Recommended

13. Barefoot NV California ($8.70): Industrial aromas of machine oil, as if you’re at a factory rather than a winery. Green and underripe flavors.

14. Apothic Red ($7.40): This is Gallo’s blockbuster sweet red blend, and it is so successful that it has spawned a number of knockoff variations, such as Apothic Dark and Apothic Inferno. It’s an overtly sweet red wine, but it actually did not taste as sweet as some of the cabernets. Mocha and cherry, on the cough syrup scale it is more Luden’s than Robitussin. This inspired Elyse Kudo to recite Dr. Seuss rhymes. (“I would not drink this from afar . . .”)

15. Sutter Home NV ($10 for 1.5 liters): This is the Robitussin.

16. Black Box 2015 California ($15.40 for 3 liters, equal to $3.85 a bottle): You know the smell when a tire pile catches fire? Yeah, that.

17. Frontera Cabernet-Merlot 2016, Chile ($5.20): Boiled potato skins, sauced with rendered cough drops.

18. Franzia box, Chile ($20 for 5 liters, equal to about $3 a bottle): Like Bazooka Joe chawed down on a big wad of bubble gum and used it to filter storm water runoff.

19. 14 Hands 2015, Washington State ($12): Tire rubber. Aged in inner tubes. Like a gym accident when you get strangled by a resistance cord.

These wines are widely available, with the exception of the Kirkland wines, which are available only at Costco. Prices listed were paid at Costco and Morris Miller Wine & Liquor in Washington, D.C., and the Montgomery County Liquor Store in Silver Spring, Maryland. Actual prices may vary.

Friday, January 13, 2023

The Demos Memo: “Roma loquitur. Confusio augetur.”

Since the beginning of Lent 2022 there has been a memorandum on the next conclave circulating among the College of Cardinals. Its author, who goes by the name of Demos, “people” in Greek, is unknown, but shows himself a thorough master of the subject. It cannot be ruled out that he himself is a cardinal.

It is now widely believed that the late Cardinal George Pell was the author. Below is the English version from Sandro Magister's blog "Settimo Cielo."

Cardinal Pell died in Rome on January 10, 2023, after a routine hip operation.

*

THE VATICAN TODAY

Commentators of every school, if for different reasons, with the possible exception of Father Spadaro, SJ, agree that this pontificate is a disaster in many or most respects; a catastrophe.

1. The Successor of St. Peter is the rock on which the Church is built, a major source and cause of worldwide unity. Historically (St. Irenaeus), the Pope and the Church of Rome have a unique role in preserving the apostolic tradition, the rule of faith, in ensuring that the Churches continue to teach what Christ and the apostles taught. Previously it was: “Roma locuta. Causa finita est.” Today it is: “Roma loquitur. Confusio augetur.”

(A) The German synod speaks on homosexuality, women priests, communion for the divorced. The Papacy is silent.

(B) Cardinal Hollerich rejects the Christian teaching on sexuality. The Papacy is silent. This is doubly significant because the Cardinal is explicitly heretical; he does not use code or hints. If the Cardinal were to continue without Roman correction, this would represent another deeper breakdown of discipline, with few (any?) precedents in history. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith must act and speak.

(C) The silence is emphasised when contrasted with the active persecution of the Traditionalists and the contemplative convents.

2. The Christo-centricity of teaching is being weakened; Christ is being moved from the centre. Sometimes Rome even seems to be confused about the importance of a strict monotheism, hinting at some wider concept of divinity; not quite pantheism, but like a Hindu panentheism variant.

(A) Pachamama is idolatrous; perhaps it was not intended as such initially.

(B) The contemplative nuns are being persecuted and attempts are being made to change the teachings of the charismatics.

(C) The Christo-centric legacy of St. John Paul II in faith and morals is under systematic attack. Many of the staff of the Roman Institute for the Family have been dismissed; most students have left. The Academy for Life is gravely damaged, e.g., some members recently supported assisted suicide. The Pontifical Academies have members and visiting speakers who support abortion.

3. The lack of respect for the law in the Vatican risks becoming an international scandal. These issues have been crystalized through the present Vatican trial of ten accused of financial malpractices, but the problem is older and wider.

(A) The Pope has changed the law four times during the trial to help the prosecution.

(B) Cardinal Becciu has not been treated justly because he was removed from his position and stripped of his cardinalatial dignities without any trial. He did not receive due process. Everyone has a right to due process.

(C) As the Pope is head of the Vatican state and the source of all legal authority, he has used this power to intervene in legal procedures.

(D) The Pope sometimes (often) rules by papal decrees (motu proprio) which eliminate the right to appeal of those affected.

(E) Many staff, often priests, have been summarily dismissed from the Vatican Curia, often without good reason.

(F) Phone tapping is regularly practised. I am not sure how often it is authorized.

(G) In the English case against Torzi, the judge criticised the Vatican prosecutors harshly. They are either incompetent and/or were nobbled, prevented from giving the full picture.

(H) The raid by the Vatican Gendarmeria, led by Dr. Giani in 2017 on the auditor’s (Libero Milone) office on Italian territory was probably illegal and certainly intimidating and violent. It is possible that evidence against Milone was fabricated.

4. (A) The financial situation of the Vatican is grave. For the past ten years (at least), there have nearly always been financial deficits. Before COVID, these deficits ranged around €20 million annually. For the last three years, they have been around €30-35 million annually. The problems predate both Pope Francis and Pope Benedict.

(B) The Vatican is facing a large deficit in the Pensions Fund. Around 2014 the experts from COSEA estimated the deficit would be around € 800 million in 2030. This was before COVID.

(C) It is estimated that the Vatican has lost € 217 million on the Sloane Avenue property in London. In the 1980’s, the Vatican was forced to pay out $ 230 million after the Banco Ambrosiano scandal. Through inefficiency and corruption during the past 25-30 years, the Vatican has lost at least another € 100 million, and it probably would be much higher (perhaps 150-200 million).

(D) Despite the Holy Father’s recent decision, the process of investing has not been centralized (as recommended by COSEA in 2014 and attempted by the Secretariat for the Economy in 2015-16) and remains immune to expert advice. For decades, the Vatican has dealt with disreputable financiers avoided by all respectable bankers in Italy.

(E) The return on the 5261 Vatican properties remains scandalously low. In 2019, the return (before COVID) was nearly $ 4,500 a year. In 2020, it was € 2,900 per property.

(F) The changing role of Pope Francis in the financial reforms (incomplete but substantial progress as far as reducing crime is concerned, much less successful, except at IOR, in terms of profitability) is a mystery and an enigma.

Initially the Holy Father strongly backed the reforms. He then prevented the centralization of investments, opposed the reforms and most attempts to unveil corruption, and supported (then) Archbishop Becciu, at the centre of Vatican financial establishment. Then in 2020, the Pope turned on Becciu and eventually ten persons were placed on trial and charged. Over the years, few prosecutions were attempted from AIF reports of infringements.

The external auditors Price Waterhouse and Cooper were dismissed and the Auditor General Libero Milone was forced to resign on trumped up charges in 2017. They were coming too close to the corruption in the Secretariat of State.

5. The political influence of Pope Francis and the Vatican is negligible. Intellectually, Papal writings demonstrate a decline from the standard of St. John Paul II and Pope Benedict. Decisions and policies are often “politically correct”, but there have been grave failures to support human rights in Venezuela, Hong Kong, mainland China, and now in the Russian invasion.

There has been no public support for the loyal Catholics in China who have been intermittently persecuted for their loyally to the Papacy for more than 70 years. No public Vatican support for the Catholic community in Ukraine, especially the Greek Catholics.

These issues should be revisited by the next Pope. The Vatican’s political prestige is now at a low ebb.

6. At a different, lower level, the situation of Tridentine traditionalists (Catholic) should be regularised.

At a further and lower level, the celebration of “individual” and small group Masses in the mornings in St. Peter’s Basilica should be permitted once again. At the moment, this great basilica is like a desert in the early morning.

The COVID crisis has covered up the large decline in the number of pilgrims attending Papal audiences and Masses.

The Holy Father has little support among seminarians and young priests and wide-spread disaffection exists in the Vatican Curia.

The Next Conclave

1. The College of Cardinals has been weakened by eccentric nominations and has not been reconvened after the rejection of Cardinal Kasper’s views in the 2014 consistory. Many Cardinals are unknown to one another, adding a new dimension of unpredictability to the next conclave.

2. After Vatican II, Catholic authorities often underestimated the hostile power of secularization, the world, flesh, and the devil, especially in the Western world and overestimated the influence and strength of the Catholic Church.

We are weaker than 50 years ago and many factors are beyond our control, in the short term at least, e.g. the decline in the number of believers, the frequency of Mass attendance, the demise or extinction of many religious orders.

3. The Pope does not need to be the world’s best evangelist, nor a political force. The successor of Peter, as head of the College of Bishops, also successors of the Apostles, has a foundational role for unity and doctrine. The new pope must understand that the secret of Christian and Catholic vitality comes from fidelity to the teachings of Christ and Catholic practices. It does not come from adapting to the world or from money.

4. The first tasks of the new pope will be to restore normality, restore doctrinal clarity in faith and morals, restore a proper respect for the law and ensure that the first criterion for the nomination of bishops is acceptance of the apostolic tradition. Theological expertise and learning are an advantage, not a hinderance for all bishops and especially archbishops.

These are necessary foundations for living and preaching the Gospel.

5. If the synodal gatherings continue around the world, they will consume much time and money, probably distracting energy from evangelization and service rather than deepening these essential activities.

If the national or continental synods are given doctrinal authority, we will have a new danger to world-wide Church unity, whereby e.g., the German church holds doctrinal views not shared by other Churches and not compatible with the apostolic tradition.

If there was no Roman correction of such heresy, the Church would be reduced to a loose federation of local Churches, holding different views, probably closer to an Anglican or Protestant model, than an Orthodox model.

An early priority for the next pope must be to remove and prevent such a threatening development, by requiring unity in essentials and not permitting unacceptable doctrinal differences. The morality of homosexual activity will be one such flash point.

6. While the younger clergy and seminarians are almost completely orthodox, sometimes quite conservative, the new Pope will need to be aware of the substantial changes effected on the Church’s leadership since 2013, perhaps especially in South and Central America. There is a new spring in the step of the Protestant liberals in the Catholic Church.

Schism is not likely to occur from the left, who often sit lightly to doctrinal issues. Schism is more likely to come from the right and is always possible when liturgical tensions are inflamed and not dampened.

Unity in the essentials. Diversity in the non-essentials. Charity on all issues.

7. Despite the dangerous decline in the West and the inherent fragility and instability in many places, serious consideration should be given to the feasibility of a visitation on the Jesuit Order. They are in a situation of catastrophic numerical decline from 36,000 members during the Council to less than 16,000 in 2017 (with probably 20-25% above 75 years of age). In some places, there is catastrophic moral decline.

The order is highly centralized, susceptible to reform or damage from the top. The Jesuit charism and contribution have been and are so important to the Church that they should not be allowed to pass away into history undisturbed or become simply an Asian-African community.

8. The disastrous decline in Catholic numbers and Protestant expansion in South America should be addressed. It was scarcely mentioned in the Amazonian Synod.

9. Obviously, a lot of work is needed on the financial reforms in the Vatican, but this should not be the most important criterion in the selection of the next Pope.

The Vatican has no substantial debts but continuing annual deficits will eventually lead to bankruptcy. Obviously, steps will be taken to remedy this, to separate the Vatican from criminal accomplices and balance revenue and expenditure. The Vatican will need to demonstrate competence and integrity to attract substantial donations to help with this problem.

Despite the improved financial procedures and greater clarity, continuing financial pressures represent a major challenge, but they are much less important than the spiritual and doctrinal threats facing the Church, especially in the First World.

Demos

Lent 2022

Wednesday, January 11, 2023

The 1986 Commission behind Summorum Pontificum

Here and here, is an October 2008 report by Cardinal Dario Castrillón-Hoyos summarizing the minutes of the 1986 Commission of Cardinals for the Latin Mass. This is, according to Hoyos, necessary pre-history of Summorum Pontificum. (Below is the Plinthos translation, followed by the orginal text in Italian.)


Answers of the Cardinal President of the Pontifical Commission "Ecclesia Dei" to certain questions

Since the Pontifical Commission "Ecclesia Dei" has received frequent questions on the reasons for the Motu Proprio "Summorum Pontificum", some of which are based on the prescriptions of the Document "Quattuor abhinc annos" sent by the Congregation for Divine Worship to the Presidents of the Episcopal Conferences , on 3 October 1984, the President of the same Commission, His Eminence Card. Dario Castrillon Hoyos thought it appropriate to give the following answers:

Question: is it permissible to refer to the Letter "Quattuor abhinc annos" to regulate questions pertaining to the celebration of the Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite, i.e. according to the Roman Missal of 1962?

Answer: obviously not. Since, with the publication of the Motu Proprio "Summorum Pontificum", the prescriptions for the use of the 1962 Missal, previously issued by the "Quattuor abhinc annos" and, subsequently, by the Motu Proprio of the Servant of God John Paul II "Ecclesia Dei Adflicta”, come to an end.

In fact, the same "Summorum Pontificum", starting from art. 1, explicitly states that: "the conditions for the use of this Missal established by the previous documents "Quattuor abhinc annos" and "Ecclesia Dei" are replaced". The Motu Proprio lists the new conditions.

Therefore it will no longer be possible to refer to the restrictions established by those two Documents, for the celebration according to the 1962 Missal.

Question: What are the substantial differences between the latest Motu Proprio and the two previous Documents pertaining to this matter?

Answer: The first substantial difference is certainly that it is now permissible to celebrate Holy Mass according to the extraordinary rite, without the need for a special permit, called an "indult". The Holy Father Benedict XVI established, once and for all, that the Roman Rite consists of two Forms, to which he wished to give the name of "Ordinary Form" (the celebration of the Novus Ordo, according to the Missal of Paul VI of 1970 ) and “Extraordinary Form” (the celebration of the Gregorian Rite, according to the Missal of Blessed John XXIII of 1962) and confirmed that this Missal of 1962 has never been abrogated. Another difference is that in Masses celebrated without the people, every Catholic priest of the Latin rite, whether secular or religious, can use one or the other Missal (art. 2). Furthermore, in Masses without the people or with the people, it is up to the parish priest or rector of the church where it is intended to celebrate, to give permission to all those priests who present the "Celebret" given by their own Ordinary. If these should deny permission, the Bishop, in accordance with the Motu Proprio, must see to it that permission is granted (cfr. art. 7).

It is important to know that already an "ad hoc" Commission of Cardinals dated 12 December 1986, formed by the Cardinals: Paul Augustin Mayer, prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship, Agostino Casaroli, Bernardin Gantin, Joseph Ratzinger, William W. Baum, Edouard Gagnon, Alfons Stickler, Antonio Innocenti, had been created "by the will of the Holy Father, for the purpose of examining possible measures to be taken to remedy the obvious ineffectiveness of the Pontifical Indult "Quattuor abhinc annos" (about the restoration of the so-called 'S. Messa Tridentina' in the Latin Church with the Roman Missal of the typical edition of 1962), issued by the Congregation for Divine Worship with Prot. N. 686/84 of 3 October 1984". This Commission had already proposed to the Holy Father John Paul II, for this purpose, some substantial elements, which were taken up in the Motu Proprio "Summorum Pontificum".

Allow me to summarize the minutes that present the interventions of the Eminent Cardinals to understand how the subsequent Documents substantially reflect the vision that such an important Commission of Cardinals had shortly after "Quattuor abhinc annos". In fact it has been stated that:

- "the concern, desire and mind of the Holy Father (John Paul II) was the promotion of internal harmony in the Church and thereby the edification of the brothers";

- "this was also to be achieved through the primary rebuilding of communion in the practice of the "lex orandi", which is the sound implementation of the liturgical reform, while dutifully respecting the legitimate needs of minority groups which often stand out, not only by their full theoretical orthodoxy but also for their authentic exemplary practice of an intensely lived Christian life and a sincere and devoted attachment to the Apostolic See”;

- "therefore, there must be a conscientious commitment on the part of everyone: Bishops, priests and faithful, to remove the scandalous arbitrariness that a misguided "creativity" has produced, giving rise to the so-called "wild Masses" and other desecrations that have wounded many of the aforesaid faithful alienating them from the ease of acceptance of the liturgical reform and of the new Ritual Books, including the Missal, which unfortunately erroneously appeared, and, precisely because of this unedifying desacralization, was practically the cause of it".

The Commission itself proposed that:

- "the competent Dicastery reaffirm that the Pope wanted internal peace among all the faithful of the local Churches through the concrete implementation of the concession he made with the Indult";

- "The will of the Supreme Pontiff should be carried out by the Bishops by placing themselves spiritually in harmony with his intentions".

- “that an adequate response be given by the Bishops to those who wish to discourage the implementation of the Indult, presenting it as a reason for division rather than rebuilding. The answer had to be pastoral rather than polemical, explaining the letter and spirit of the Indult with delicacy and patience”.

Furthermore, it was authoritatively stated that:

- "the real problem in question did not seem to be so much the artificial conflict that the Indult intended to resolve, but rather that which was upstream of it and which had been the real cause and, that is, the conflict between the correct implementation of the liturgical reform and the tolerated illegality produced by uncontrolled imagination. Therefore, in addition to the Indult, an intervention on a very different general level was required on the part of the Holy See to eliminate the aforementioned abusive practices distorting the conciliar liturgical reform”;

- “the Indult, as it appeared, on the one hand, gave the impression that the Mass in Latin, the so-called "Tridentine Mass", was an inferior and second-rate reality, which was restored only out of tolerant pity for those who requested it and, moreover, it gave the impression, precisely with all the heavy conditions it contained, that the Holy See itself considered it as such and would not have granted it if it had not been forced to do so”;

- "it was necessary to reaffirm and clarify to the Bishops the true will of the Holy Father, which consisted, not negatively, in a concession of tolerance, but, positively, in a real and proper pastoral initiative taken not to calm the reaction to the abuses, but to settle the conflict in reconciliation".

- "it was necessary to remove all the conditions contained in the Indult, to eliminate the impression given by the Bishops that the Holy See did not want it and the impression on the part of the faithful, who asked for something almost badly tolerated by the Holy See".

In the interventions of the Eminent Bishops it emerged that:

- "we were in favor of granting the Indult to all the faithful and priests who intended to use it "in aedificationem" and without anti-conciliar exploitation";

- "it was necessary to make the Bishops understand that the Indult corresponded to the will of the Pope to be observed and it was necessary to make the faithful understand that they could respectfully request the implementation of the Pope's will, so that the Bishops, faced with respectful requests, had no more grounds to refuse".

- "we should ask ourselves whether, to favor reconciliation, it is really necessary to ask the Bishop's consent to celebrate the Holy Mass in Latin";

- "as a general attitude, the strictness of the limiting conditions of the Indult itself should be adjusted and the additional conditions of the Bishops eliminated";

- "as regards the restriction to certain Groups, since the Indult was conceived for them, it was necessary to maintain it, but iuxta modum, and, that is, on the one hand not meaning by Groups three or four people and, on the other not prohibiting that the Groups that have taken the initiative might then be joined by other people in the practice of the concession obtained”.

The Commission itself noted that:

- "there was no difficulty in permitting readings in the vernacular";

- "as for the optional use of the Lectionary, there were some reservations, fearing some confusion due to its imperfect correspondence to the calendars of the two Missals, while no difficulty was seen in allowing the use of the Prefaces of the new Missal" .

- “the conditions added by the Bishops and also those relating to non-parish churches and groups contained in the Indult should be removed”.

- "given that Latin, as an expression of unity cannot and must not disappear from the Church, and since the Bishops wished more to be "helped" than to be too "respected" in their prerogatives, it was necessary to meet them by reducing the complex casuistry conditioning of the Indult to criteria of greater simplicity; thus it was also possible to eliminate the impression that, with those conditions, the Holy See wanted granted the Indult only "obtorto collo" (by force). Moreover, in doing this, it was possible to highlight the evolutionary coherence of the pontifical corrective measures by obviating their contradictory oppositions”.

Therefore, quoting the no. 23 of the "Sacrosanctum Concilium" “concerning the criteria that must be observed in the reconciliation between tradition and progress in the liturgical reform, and n. 26 of the same conciliar document, with regard to the norms that must preside over this reform, as deriving from the hierarchical and community nature of the liturgy, proposed to insist, in the eventual revision document of the Indult, on objectivity and not on arbitrariness the implementation of the liturgical reform; equally to make it clear how both the use of the Latin language and the use of one or other edition of the Roman Missal should be considered in the context of this logic; to grant, at least in big cities, that on feast days Mass in Latin with free choice of one or the other typical edition (1962 or 1980) of the Roman Missal" can be celebrated in every church.

- "it was also proposed to extend the granting of the Indult to Ordinaries, Religious Superiors General or Provincials and others".

- "about the need or otherwise of the Bishop's assent for the celebration of the Holy Mass in Latin, it was recalled that Paul VI had to say that, per se, the Priest, privately, could celebrate in Latin, as the concession made for the use of vulgar languages is only of a pastoral nature, to allow the faithful to understand the contents of the rite and, thus, participate better".

- "the need was reiterated to leave free the option of using one or the other Missal for the celebration of the Holy Mass in Latin".

- "as regards the type of intervention, a new pontifical (Papal) document would be opted for in which, taking stock of the current real situation of the liturgical reform, the aforementioned freedom of choice between the two Missals in Latin would be clearly established, presenting the 'one as a development and not as an opposition of the other and eliminating the impression that each Missal is the temporary product of each historical epoch”.

- "referring to the previous concerns expressed, the need was reaffirmed to ensure evidence of the logical evolutionary linearity of the Church's documents and of the free option between the two Missals for the celebration of the Holy Mass and it was proposed to highlight that they cannot be considered except as one being a development of the other, since the liturgical norms, not being real and proper "laws", cannot be abrogated but surrogated: the previous ones by the following ones”.

All this was reported to the Holy Father.

__

Risposte del Cardinale Presidente della Pontificia Commissione “Ecclesia Dei” a certi quesiti

Dal momento che alla Pontificia Commissione “Ecclesia Dei” sono giunte frequenti domande sulle ragioni del Motu Proprio “Summorum Pontificum”, delle quali alcune si fondano sulle prescrizioni del Documento “Quattuor abhinc annos” inviato dalla Congregazione per il Culto Divino ai Presidenti delle Conferenze Episcopali, il 3 ottobre 1984, il Presidente della stessa Commissione, l’Em.mo Card. Dario Castrillon Hoyos ha ritenuto opportuno dare le seguenti risposte:

Domanda: è lecito riferirsi alla Lettera “Quattuor abhinc annos”, per regolare le questioni attinenti alla celebrazione della Forma straordinaria del Rito Romano, cioè secondo il Messale Romano del 1962?

Risposta: evidentemente no. Poiché, con la pubblicazione del Motu Proprio “Summorum Pontificum” vengono a decadere le prescrizioni per l’uso del Messale del 1962, precedentemente emanate dalla “Quattuor abhinc annos” e, successivamente, dal Motu Proprio del Servo di Dio Giovanni Paolo II “Ecclesia Dei Adflicta”.

Infatti, lo stesso “Summorum Pontificum”, fin dall’art. 1, afferma esplicitamente che: “le condizioni per l’uso di questo Messale stabilite dai documenti anteriori “Quattuor abhinc annos” e “Ecclesia Dei” vengono sostituite”. Il Motu Proprio enumera le nuove condizioni.

Quindi non ci si potrà più riferire alle restrizioni stabilite da quei due Documenti, per la celebrazione secondo il Messale del 1962.

Domanda: Quali sono le sostanziali differenze tra l’ultimo Motu Proprio e i due precedenti Documenti attinenti a questa materia?

Risposta: La prima sostanziale differenza è certamente quella che ora è lecito celebrare la Santa Messa secondo il Rito straordinario, senza più il bisogno di un permesso speciale, chiamato “indulto”. Il Santo Padre Benedetto XVI, ha stabilito, una volta per tutte, che il Rito Romano consta di due Forme, alle quali ha voluto dare il nome di “Forma Ordinaria” (la celebrazione del Novus Ordo, secondo il Messale di Paolo VI del 1970) e “Forma Straordinaria” (la celebrazione del Rito gregoriano, secondo il Messale del B. Giovanni XXIII del 1962) e ha confermato che questo Messale del 1962 non è mai stato abrogato. Altra differenza è che nelle Messe celebrate senza il popolo, ogni sacerdote cattolico di rito latino, sia secolare sia religioso, può usare l’uno o l’altro Messale (art. 2). Inoltre, nelle Messe senza il popolo o con il popolo, spetta al parroco o al rettore della chiesa, dove si intende celebrare, a dare la licenza a tutti quei sacerdoti che presentano il “Celebret” dato dal proprio Ordinario. Se questi negassero il permesso, il Vescovo, a norma del Motu Proprio, deve provvedere a che sia concesso il permesso (cfr. art. 7).

E’ importante sapere che già una Commissione Cardinalizia “ad hoc”, del 12 dicembre 1986, formata dagli Em.mi Cardinali: Paul Augustin Mayer, prefetto della Congregazione per il Culto Divino, Agostino Casaroli, Bernardin Gantin, Joseph Ratzinger, William W. Baum, Edouard Gagnon, Alfons Stickler, Antonio Innocenti, era stata creata “per volontà del Santo Padre, allo scopo di esaminare gli eventuali provvedimenti da prendere per ovviare alla constatata inefficacia dell’Indulto Pontificio “Quattuor abhinc annos”( circa il ripristino della cosiddetta ‘S. Messa Tridentina’ nella Chiesa Latina col Messale Romano dell’Edizione tipica del 1962), emanato dalla Congregazione per il Culto Divino con Prot. N. 686/84 del 3 Ottobre 1984”. Questa Commissione aveva proposto al Santo Padre Giovanni Paolo II, già allora, a tale scopo, alcuni sostanziali elementi, che sono stati ripresi nel Motu Proprio “Summorum Pontificum”.

Mi permetto di fare una sintesi del verbale che presenta gli interventi degli Em.mi Cardinali per capire come i Documenti posteriori rispecchiano sostanzialmente la visione che una Commissione cardinalizia così importante ha avuto poco tempo dopo “Quattuor abhinc annos”. Infatti si è affermato che:

- “premura, desiderio e mente del Santo Padre (Giovanni Paolo II) era la promozione della concordia interna nella Chiesa e l'edificazione, per essa, dei fratelli”;

- “ciò andava realizzato anche attraverso la primaria ricomposizione della comunione nella pratica della "lex orandi", qual è la sana attuazione della riforma liturgica, pur nel doveroso rispetto delle legittime esigenze di gruppi minoritari ma, spesso, distinti non solo per piena ortodossia teorica ma anche per autentica esemplarità di pratica di vita cristiana intensamente vissuta e di sincero e devoto attaccamento alla Sede Apostolica”;

- “pertanto, doveva essere impegno di coscienza da parte di tutti: Vescovi, sacerdoti e fedeli, di rimuovere gli arbìtri scandalosi che una mal compresa "creatività" ha prodotto, dando luogo alle cosiddette "Messe selvagge" e ad altre dissacrazioni che hanno ferito molti dei predetti fedeli alienandoli dalla facilità d'accoglimento della riforma liturgica e dei nuovi Libri Rituali, compreso il Messale, erroneamente apparsi, purtroppo, e, proprio per tale inedificante desacralizzazione, quasi come causa di essa”.

Nella stessa Commissione si proponeva che:

- “venisse ribadito, da parte del Dicastero competente, che il Papa voleva la pacificazione interna tra tutti i fedeli delle Chiese locali mediante l'attuazione concreta della concessione da Lui fatta con l'Indulto”;

- “venisse eseguita, da parte dei Vescovi, la volontà del Sommo Pontefice ponendosi spiritualmente in sintonia con le Sue intenzioni”.

- “venisse data risposta adeguata, da parte dei Vescovi, a coloro che volessero scoraggiare l'attuazione dell'Indulto, presentandolo come motivo di divisione anziché di ricomposizione. La risposta doveva essere non polemica ma pastorale, spiegando, con delicatezza e pazienza, la lettera e lo spirito dell'Indulto”.

Inoltre si affermava con autorità che:

- “il vero problema in questione non sembrava essere tanto la conflittualità artificiale che l'Indulto intendeva risolvere, quanto piuttosto quella che era a monte di essa e che ne era stata la vera causa e, cioè, la conflittualità tra la retta attuazione della riforma liturgica ed il tollerato abusivismo prodotto dalla incontrollata fantasia. Quindi, oltre l'Indulto, si richiedeva un intervento di ben altro livello generale da parte della Santa Sede per eliminare il predetto abusivismo deformatore della riforma liturgica conciliare”;

- “l'Indulto, così come si presentava, per un verso, dava l'impressione che la Messa in latino, cosiddetta "Tridentina", fosse una realtà inferiore e di second'ordine, la quale veniva ripristinata solo per tollerante commiserazione di chi la richiedeva e, per altro, dava l'impressione, proprio con tutte le pesanti condizioni che conteneva, che la stessa Santa Sede la considerava tale e che non l'avrebbe concessa se non fosse stata costretta a farlo”;

- “occorreva ribadire e chiarire ai Vescovi la vera volontà del Santo Padre, la quale consisteva, non negativamente, in una concessione di tolleranza, ma, positivamente, in una vera e propria iniziativa pastorale presa non per quietare la reazione agli abusi, ma per ricomporre il dissidio in riconciliazione”.

- “bisognava togliere tutte le condizioni contenute nell'Indulto, per elimi­nare l'impressione avuta dai Vescovi che la Santa Sede non lo voleva e l'impressione da parte dei fedeli, che chiedessero una cosa quasi mal tollerata dalla Santa Sede”.

Negli interventi degli Em.mi Presuli emergeva che:

- “si era favorevoli alla concessione dell'Indul­to a tutti i fedeli e sacerdoti che intendessero servirsene "in aedificationem" e senza strumentalizzazione anticonciliare”;

- “occorreva fare capire ai Vescovi che l'Indulto corrispondeva ad una volontà del Papa da osservare e occorreva di far capire ai fedeli che dovevano chiedere con rispetto l'attuazione della volontà del Papa, cosicché i Vescovi, di fronte a richieste rispettose, non avessero più motivo di rifiutarsi”.

- “bisognerebbe domandarsi se per favorire la riconciliazione, era proprio necessario chiedere il consenso del Vescovo per celebrare la S. Messa in latino”;

- “come atteggiamento generale sarebbe da attenuare la rigorosi­tà delle condizioni limitative dell'Indulto stesso e di eliminare quelle aggiuntive dei Vescovi”;

- “per quanto riguardava la riserva ai Gruppi, poiché l'Indulto fu concepito per essi, bisognava mantenerla, ma iuxta modum, e, cioè, per un verso non intendendo per Gruppi tre o quattro persone e, per l'altro non proibendo che ai Gruppi che hanno preso l'iniziativa, possano, poi, aggiungersi altre persone nella pratica della concessione ottenuta”.

Nella stessa Commissione si faceva presente che:

- “non c’era difficoltà per consentire le letture in lingua volgare”;

- “quanto all'uso facoltativo del Lezionario, c’era qualche riserva, temendo qualche confusione a causa della non perfetta corrispondenza di esso ai calendari dei due Messali, mentre non si vedeva nessuna difficoltà per consentire l'uso dei Prefazi del nuovo Messale”.

- “sarebbero da togliere le condizioni aggiunte dai Ve­scovi ed anche quelle relative alle chiese non parrocchiali ed ai gruppi contenute nell'Indulto”.

- “premesso che il latino, come espressione di unità non può e non deve scomparire dalla Chiesa, e desiderando i Vescovi più di essere "aiutati" che di essere troppo "rispettati" nelle loro prerogative, occorreva venire loro incontro riducendo la complessa casistica condizionante dell'Indulto a criteri di maggio­re semplicità; si poteva così anche eliminare l'impressione che, con quelle condizioni, la S. Sede volesse far capire di aver concesso l'Indulto solo "obtorto collo”. Inoltre, nel far questo, si poteva evi­denziare la coerenza evolutiva anche dei provvedimenti pontifici correttivi ovviando a loro contraddittorie contrapposizioni”.

Citando quindi il n. 23 della "Sacrosanctum Concilium" “a proposito dei criteri che devono essere osservati nella conciliazione tra tradizione e progresso nella riforma liturgica, ed il n. 26 dello stesso documento conciliare, a proposito delle norme che devono pre­siedere a tale riforma, come derivanti dalla natura gerarchica e comunitaria della liturgia, si proponeva di insistere, nell'eventuale documento di revisione del­l'Indulto, sull'oggettività e non sull'arbitrarietà della attuazio­ne della riforma liturgica; ugualmente di far capire come, sia l'uso della lingua latina e sia quello dell'una o dell'altra edizione del Messale Romano, vada con­siderato nell'ambito di tale logica; di concedere, almeno nelle grandi città, che nei giorni festivi si possa celebrare in ogni chiesa una s. Messa in latino con libera scelta dell’una o dell’altra edizione tipica (1962 o 1980) del Messale Romano”.

- “si è proposto, altresì, di allargare la concessione dell’Indulto anche agli Ordinari, ai Superiori Generali o Provinciali religiosi ed altri”.

- “circa la necessità o meno dell’assenso del Vescovo per la celebrazione della S. Messa in latino, è stato ricordato che Paolo VI ebbe a dire che, per se, il Sacerdote, privatamente, dovrebbe celebrare in latino, in quanto la concessione fatta per l'uso delle lingue volgari è soltanto di ordine pastorale, per consentire ai fedeli di comprendere i contenuti del rito e, così, partecipare meglio”.

- “si è ribadita la necessità di lasciare libera l'opzione dell'uso dell'uno o dell'altro Messale per la celebrazione della S. Messa in latino”.

- “circa il tipo d'intervento si opterebbe per un nuovo documento pontificio (Papale) in cui, facendosi il punto sull'attuale reale situazione della riforma liturgica, si stabilisse chiaramente la citata libertà di scelta fra i due Messali in latino, presentando l'uno come sviluppo e non come contrapposizione dell'altro ed eliminando l'impressione che ogni Messale sia il prodotto temporaneo di ciascuna epoca storica”.

- “riferendosi alle precedenti premure espresse, si è ribadita la necessità di assicurare l'evidenza della logica linearità evolutiva dei documenti della Chiesa e della libera opzione tra i due Messali per la celebrazione della S. Messa e si è proposto di evidenziare che essi non possono essere considerati se non l'uno come sviluppo dell'altro giacché le norme liturgiche, non essendo delle vere e proprie "leggi", non possono essere abrogate ma surrogate: le precedenti nelle successive”.

Di tutto questo si è fatta relazione al Santo Padre.

Tuesday, January 10, 2023

Public School Pedophilia Still Entirely Ignored


A horrifying report on sexual abuse in Chicago public schools sank without a trace last week. Why?

Furthermore, Chicago is the only city to publish reports about sexual abuse in schools.

by Michael Cook Jan 9, 2023

...A scathing report about sexual abuse was released last week. It shone a spotlight on the Chicago Public Schools system. It wasn’t covered by Associated Press, or the Chicago Tribune, or the Washington Post, or the New York Times, or the Boston Globe. In fact, it was barely covered at all.
And yet it was horrifying.

Here is the way Chicago City Wire, a tiny news service, summarized its findings: “Hundreds of Chicago Public Schools teachers sexually groomed, assaulted and raped CPS students last school year.” It included several lurid stories.

Its article was based on a report from the Chicago Public Schools Office of the Inspector General (OIG). It had received more than 470 adult-on-student sexual misconduct allegations during the 2021-22 school year. In 16 cases over the past four years criminal charges were initiated.

Hardly anyone paid attention.

A much bigger website whose focus is education in Chicago ran the news under the headline: “Chicago Public Schools’ watchdog flags unchecked overtime pay, lost students, sexual misconduct”. The sickening allegations were buried at the end of the article.

If the abuse chronicled in this report had happened in a Catholic diocese, it would have been on the front page of every newspaper in the United States – and possibly around the world.

Apparently this is just scratching the surface of the level of abuse in America’s public schools. The Chicago Inspector General’s report reassures readers that: “there is no indication that the frequency of these occurrences is higher within CPS than in other districts nationwide.”

How consoling!

The Inspector-General’s Sexual Allegations Unit (SAU) says that it is the only K-12 investigative unit of its kind in the US. It is also the only entity which publishes public reports. “Reliable statistics from other school districts are simply not available,” it admits.

The SAU reported that between July 1, 2021 and June 30, 2022, it opened investigations into 81 cases of sexual touching, 35 of grooming, 33 of sexual abuse, 26 of sexual acts, 25 of in-person sexual comments, and 14 sexual electronic communications. There were 243 cases of leering, “creepy” behaviour or other matters of concern. There were numerous cases of school officials who failed to report allegations of sexual misconduct.

And these happened in just one year. And these were only the reported incidents.

What is extremely concerning is that there were only eight cases of “outcry” about past abuse – victims who reported historic sexual abuse. The experience of the Catholic Church shows that there is often a dark cesspit of abuse dating back decades. Victims are often so traumatised that they delay reporting their abusers for years.

But Chicago Public Schools does not seem interested in investigating historic abuse. It has enough work to do in sweeping current abuse under the carpet.

To give a sense of perspective, here is the current status of sexual abuse in the US Catholic Church. According to the most recent annual report by StoneBridge Business Partners, an independent auditor, Catholic organisations received 3,103 allegations between July 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021– but only 30 related to the current period. And only six of those were substantiated.

Six cases of abuse by clergy in the whole United States in one year is six too many. But it is far fewer than the hundreds credibly reported in the Chicago Public Schools.

When will American parents see reports on other public school systems? When will the Governor issue an apology? When will the Chicago Teachers Union?

Saturday, January 7, 2023

Litany in Homage of Benedict XVI, RIP

Regina confesorum, ora pro nobis!

Benedict XVI 95th Birthday Celebration
June 18, 2022
Nymphenburg Palace, Munich

46:13 is the famous Gaenswein speech in which he cries.
One word: "Loyal!"

Friday, January 6, 2023

"Be Generous" --Benedict XVI, Father of Anglican Ordinariate


Requiem Mass for the repose of the soul of Pope Benedict XVI
Father Ed Meeks, Christ the King Parish, Towson, Maryland


"Pope Benedict XVI is the Father of the [Anglican] Ordinariate."

"I was the poster boy for canonical impediments!"

"They dispensed me of the sin of schism"

"I owe my priesthood to Pope Benedict XVI."

--Father Meeks

Saint André Bessette, the Miracle Worker of Montreal


Brother André expressed a saint’s faith by a lifelong devotion to St. Joseph.

Sickness and weakness dogged André from birth. He was the eighth of 12 children born to a French Canadian couple near Montreal. Adopted at 12, when both parents had died, he became a farmhand. Various trades followed: shoemaker, baker, blacksmith—all failures. He was a factory worker in the United States during the boom times of the Civil War.

At 25, he applied for entrance into the Congregation of the Holy Cross. After a year’s novitiate, he was not admitted because of his weak health. But with an extension and the urging of Bishop Bourget (see Marie-Rose Durocher, October 6), he was finally received. He was given the humble job of doorkeeper at Notre Dame College in Montreal, with additional duties as sacristan, laundry worker and messenger. “When I joined this community, the superiors showed me the door, and I remained 40 years,” he said.

In his little room near the door, he spent much of the night on his knees. On his windowsill, facing Mount Royal, was a small statue of St. Joseph, to whom he had been devoted since childhood. When asked about it he said, “Some day, St. Joseph is going to be honored in a very special way on Mount Royal!”

When he heard someone was ill, he visited to bring cheer and to pray with the sick person. He would rub the sick person lightly with oil taken from a lamp burning in the college chapel. Word of healing powers began to spread.

When an epidemic broke out at a nearby college, André volunteered to nurse. Not one person died. The trickle of sick people to his door became a flood. His superiors were uneasy; diocesan authorities were suspicious; doctors called him a quack. “I do not cure,” he said again and again. “St. Joseph cures.” In the end he needed four secretaries to handle the 80,000 letters he received each year.

For many years the Holy Cross authorities had tried to buy land on Mount Royal. Brother André and others climbed the steep hill and planted medals of St. Joseph. Suddenly, the owners yielded. André collected 200 dollars to build a small chapel and began receiving visitors there—smiling through long hours of listening, applying St. Joseph’s oil. Some were cured, some not. The pile of crutches, canes and braces grew.

The chapel also grew. By 1931 there were gleaming walls, but money ran out. “Put a statue of St. Joseph in the middle. If he wants a roof over his head, he’ll get it.” The magnificent Oratory on Mount Royal took 50 years to build. The sickly boy who could not hold a job died at 92.

He is buried at the Oratory. He was beatified in 1982 and canonized in 2010. At his canonization in October 2010, Pope Benedict XVI said that St. Andre "lived the beatitude of the pure of heart."


Comment:

Rubbing ailing limbs with oil or a medal? Planting a medal to buy land? Isn’t this superstition? Aren’t we long past that?

Reply:

Superstitious people rely only on the “magic” of a word or action. Brother André’s oil and medals were authentic sacramentals of a simple, total faith in the Father who lets his saints help him bless his children.


Quote:

“It is with the smallest brushes that the artist paints the most exquisitely beautiful pictures,” said St. André Bessette.

Today is the Feast day Saint André of Montreal.

Saint André, pray for us.

Thursday, January 5, 2023

Benedict XVI Papal Requiem Mass, Unedited



Plinthos notes.

Wonderful music (Gregorian chant and polyphony, as per Vatican II!) and choreography. Love the pall bearer frock-coat suits and decorum!
Red vestments!
The procession of the remains is not part of the Mass. Penitential rite is not annulled. Mass entirely in Latin! The Gospel should have been Latin.
Pope Francis participation very fitting, using Benedict's ferula again. Final commendation prayers most beautiful.
Gregorian chant Magnificat, at the end, very appropriate!
Should have had large central crucifix of Benedict Liturgies at the portal, instead of amorphous resurrected Jesus.
No casket pall?
No holy water?

Wednesday, January 4, 2023

Hitherto Best Interview on Benedict XVI's Death/Mission

(Italian, with Vatican Radio English translation below)


Archbishop Gänswein: Benedict XVI lived loving the Lord until the end

The private secretary of the late Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, Archbishop Georg Gänswein, speaks to Vatican News and offers a moving testimony of the late Pontiff’s final hours and of the many years he spent at his side.


By Silvia Kritzenberger

Tried, moved, but at the same time at peace. Archbishop Georg Gänswein, Prefect of the Papal Household and private secretary first of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger and then of Benedict XVI, visited the studios of Vatican Radio a day ahead of the funeral of the man he served for many years.

In an interview, he recounts the last moments of the earthly existence of the man who served the Church as Bishop of Rome from 2005 to 2013, and then made the historic choice of renouncing to the Pontificate almost ten years ago.


Q: Thousands of faithful paid their respects to the mortal remains of the Pope Emeritus. You have spent a large part of your life with him. How do you live now?

Humanly, suffering very much. It hurts, I suffer… Spiritually, very well. I know Pope Benedict is now where he wanted to go.


Q: How did Benedict XVI live these last days? What were his last words?


I didn't hear his last words with my own ears, but the night before his death one of the nurses assisting him overheard them. Around three o'clock: "Lord, I love you." The nurse told me in the morning as soon as I arrived in the bedroom, these were the last truly understandable words.

Usually, we prayed Lauds in front of his bed: that morning too I said to the Holy Father: "Let's do as we did yesterday: I pray aloud and you join in spirit." In fact, it was no longer possible that he could pray aloud, he was really out of breath.

There he only opened his eyes a little – he understood the question – and nodded his head yes. So, I started. At around 8 o'clock he began to breathe more and more heavily. There were two doctors – Dr. Polisca and a resuscitator – and they told me: “We fear that now the moment will come when he will have to have his last fight on earth.”

I called the memores Domini and also Sister Brigida, and I told them to come because he had reached his agony. He was lucid at the time. I had already prepared the accompanying prayers for the dying man earlier, and we prayed for about 15 minutes, all together while Benedict XVI breathed more and more heavily.

It became clear that he could not breathe well. So, I looked at one of the doctors and asked: "But, did he go into agony?". He told me: “Yes, it’s started, but we don't know how long it will last.”


Q: And then what happened?

We were there; everyone then prayed in silence, and at 9:34 he took his last breath. Then we continued our prayers no longer for the dying but for the dead. And we concluded by singing "Alma Redemptoris Mater".

He died in the Octave of Christmas, his favorite liturgical time, on the day of his predecessor - San Silvestro, Pope under the Emperor Constantine. He had been elected the day in which a German Pope, Saint Leo IX of Alsace is remembered; he died on the day of a Roman Pope, St. Sylvester.

I told everyone: "I'll call Pope Francis right away; he will be the first to know." I called him, and he said: "I'll be there immediately!"

Then he came, I accompanied him to the bedroom where he had died and I told everyone: "Stay". The Pope greeted them; I offered him a chair, and he sat next to the bed and prayed. He gave his blessing and then he left. This happened on 31 December 2022.

Q: Which words of his spiritual testament touched you the most?


The testament as such touched me deeply. Choosing a few words is difficult, I must say. But this testament had already been written on 29 August 2006: the liturgical feast of the martyrdom of St. John the Baptist.

It was handwritten - very legible, very small but legible - in the second year of his Pontificate. In German, you would say "O-Ton Benedikt", that is "This is really Benedict." If I had had the text, without knowing the author, I would have recognized it. It contains the spirit of Benedict. Reading it or meditating on it, one sees it is really his. All of him is in here, in two pages.


Q: In short, it is a thank you to God and to his family …


Yes. It is a thank you, but also an encouragement to the faithful, not to let themselves be led astray by any hypothesis, either in the theological or philosophical field or in any other field.

Ultimately, it is the Church that communicates, it is the Church, the living Body of Christ, that communicates the faith to all and for all. Sometimes even in theology, there are theories that are very enlightened, or seem so, but that after a year or two have already passed. It is the faith of the Catholic Church, this is what truly leads us to liberation and puts us in contact with the Lord.


Q: What was the strongest message of his pontificate?


His strength lies in the motto he chose when he became Archbishop of Munich, quoting John's Third Letter: "Cooperatores veritatis", that is, "collaborators of the truth", which means that truth is not something that has been thought, but is a Person: it is the Son of God.

God became incarnate in Jesus Christ, in Jesus of Nazareth, and this is his message: to follow not a theory of truth, but to follow the Lord. “I am the way, the truth and the life”. This is his message. A message that is not a burden: rather it is an aid to carry all the weight of each day, and this gives joy. There are problems, but faith is stronger; faith must have the last word.


Q: The world will never forget that 11 February 2013, the announcement of the resignation. There are those who continue to say that it was not a free choice or even that he wanted to remain Pope in some way. What do you think?


I myself asked him this same question on various occasions, saying to him: "Holy Father, they are looking for a conspiracy behind the announcement of February 11 after the Consistory. They search, they search, they search..."

Benedict replied: "Whoever does not believe that what I said is the real reason for giving up will not believe me even if I say now 'Believe me, it is so!'" This is and remains the only reason and we must not forget it. He had announced this decision to me: “I have to do it”. I was among the first who tried to dissuade him. And he answered me clearly: “Look, I'm not asking for your opinion, but I'm communicating my decision. A prayed, suffered decision, taken coram Deo”.

There are those who do not believe or make up theories, saying that they would have "left one part but kept another part", etc.: all those who say this are only making up theories about one word or the another and in the end they do not trust Benedict, what he said. This is just an affront to him. Of course, everyone is free to say sensible or less sensible things.

But the naked truth is this: he no longer had the strength to lead the Church, as he said in Latin that day. I asked: "Holy Father, why in Latin?" He replied: "This is the language of the Church." Anyone who thinks they can find or need to find some other reason is wrong. He communicated the real reason. Amen.


Q: What aspect struck you the most when you were close to Benedict in the long period he spent as Emeritus?

It's been almost ten years. Benedict - already as a cardinal, already as a professor - had a very great [spiritual] dowry. Many say humility: yes, this is true, but also – perhaps this was not seen so well – an ability to accept when people did not agree with what he said.

As a professor it is normal: there is the comparison, the discussion, the "struggle" between the different arguments. Strong words are also used in this context, but without ever hurting and if possible, without causing controversy. It is another thing when one is a bishop and then Pope: he preaches and writes not as a private person, but as one who has received the mandate to preach and to be the shepherd of a flock.

The Pope is the first witness of the Gospel, indeed, of the Lord. And there we saw that his words, the words of the Successor of Peter, were not accepted. But this tells us that the leadership of the Church is not done only by commanding, deciding, but also by suffering, and the part of the suffering was no small one. When he became Emeritus, certainly all the responsibility and the whole Pontificate were over for him.


Q: Did he think he would live this long after giving up?

About three months ago I told him: "Holy Father, we are approaching my tenth anniversary of episcopate: Epiphany 2013, Epiphany 2023. We must celebrate." But it also means ten years from his resignation.

Some ask me: “But how is it possible he gave up saying he no longer had the strength and then he is still living after ten years?” And he replied: “I must say that I am the first one who is surprised that the Lord has given me more time. I thought a year at most, and He gave me 10! And 95 is a good age, but years and old age also have their weight, even for a Pope Emeritus."

He continued: "I accepted it and tried to do what I had promised: to pray, to be present, and above all to accompany my successor with prayer." And this is very beautiful. I also recommend to some who have problems with this to re-read what Benedict said, thanking Pope Francis in the Clementine Hall on the occasion of the 65th anniversary of his priestly ordination.

Finally, once, I jokingly said, in a not very elegant way: "Holy Father, you have reckoned without your host.” He replied: "I didn't make any decision: I accepted what the Lord gave me. He gave me this; I have to thank Him. This is my belief. Others may have other ideas, theories or beliefs, but this is mine."


Q: What was the greatest teaching for your life, and what will you miss most about Joseph Ratzinger?


The greatest teaching is that written faith, pronounced and proclaimed faith, is not only something that he said and preached, but that he lived. That is, the example for me is that the faith he learnt, taught and proclaimed became a lived faith. And for me - even in this moment in which I suffer, not alone - this is a great spiritual relief.


Q: In his testament Benedict writes: "If in this late hour of my life I look back on the decades I have covered, the first thing I see is how many reasons I have to be thankful." Was he a happy, fulfilled man?


He was a man deeply convinced that in the love of the Lord one is never wrong, even if humanly one makes many mistakes. And this conviction gave him peace and – it can be said – this humility and also this clarity.

He always said: “Faith must be a simple faith, not simplistic, but simple. Because all great theories, all great theologies have their foundation in faith. And this is and remains the only nourishment for oneself and also for others.”

Tuesday, January 3, 2023

Jubilee 2025 and Jubilee 2033

The Ordinary Jubilee 2025 is now less than two years away (December 24, 2024 - January 6, 2026). Surely there will also be an Extraordinary Jubilee 2033.

This is what comes up first on a Google search for 2033 Jubilee: The year 2033 will celebrate the greatest of all Jubilees as it will mark the 2000th anniversary of the paramount events of human history: Death, Resurrection, Ascension and Pentecost. These Jesus events changed the course of history. Heaven is opened for the human race of the past, present and future.

Monday, January 2, 2023

Pope Benedict XVI on Unity

In order to get our bearings, it seems that the deceased Pope would want us to re-read his past writings, as evidenced by the fact of the posthumous publication of his "Spiritual Testament" dated August 29, 2006.

So, given the Vatican's wrong-headed approach of demonizing traditional Catholics as "divisive," in the recently exacerbated liturgical crisis (which is a major symptom of the much more dire crisis of faith), it is very instructive to re-read Pope Benedict's response to the same attacks against the Lefebvrists.

I have set in bold what I consider the most relevant parts.


LETTER OF HIS HOLINESS POPE BENEDICT XVI
TO THE BISHOPS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
CONCERNING THE REMISSION OF THE EXCOMMUNICATION
OF THE FOUR BISHOPS CONSECRATED BY ARCHBISHOP LEFEBVRE


Dear Brothers in the Episcopal Ministry!

The remission of the excommunication of the four Bishops consecrated in 1988 by Archbishop Lefebvre without a mandate of the Holy See has for many reasons caused, both within and beyond the Catholic Church, a discussion more heated than any we have seen for a long time. Many Bishops felt perplexed by an event which came about unexpectedly and was difficult to view positively in the light of the issues and tasks facing the Church today. Even though many Bishops and members of the faithful were disposed in principle to take a positive view of the Pope’s concern for reconciliation, the question remained whether such a gesture was fitting in view of the genuinely urgent demands of the life of faith in our time. Some groups, on the other hand, openly accused the Pope of wanting to turn back the clock to before the Council: as a result, an avalanche of protests was unleashed, whose bitterness laid bare wounds deeper than those of the present moment. I therefore feel obliged to offer you, dear Brothers, a word of clarification, which ought to help you understand the concerns which led me and the competent offices of the Holy See to take this step. In this way I hope to contribute to peace in the Church.

An unforeseen mishap for me was the fact that the Williamson case came on top of the remission of the excommunication. The discreet gesture of mercy towards four Bishops ordained validly but not legitimately suddenly appeared as something completely different: as the repudiation of reconciliation between Christians and Jews, and thus as the reversal of what the Council had laid down in this regard to guide the Church’s path. A gesture of reconciliation with an ecclesial group engaged in a process of separation thus turned into its very antithesis: an apparent step backwards with regard to all the steps of reconciliation between Christians and Jews taken since the Council – steps which my own work as a theologian had sought from the beginning to take part in and support. That this overlapping of two opposed processes took place and momentarily upset peace between Christians and Jews, as well as peace within the Church, is something which I can only deeply deplore. I have been told that consulting the information available on the internet would have made it possible to perceive the problem early on. I have learned the lesson that in the future in the Holy See we will have to pay greater attention to that source of news. I was saddened by the fact that even Catholics who, after all, might have had a better knowledge of the situation, thought they had to attack me with open hostility. Precisely for this reason I thank all the more our Jewish friends, who quickly helped to clear up the misunderstanding and to restore the atmosphere of friendship and trust which – as in the days of Pope John Paul II – has also existed throughout my pontificate and, thank God, continues to exist.

Another mistake, which I deeply regret, is the fact that the extent and limits of the provision of 21 January 2009 were not clearly and adequately explained at the moment of its publication. The excommunication affects individuals, not institutions. An episcopal ordination lacking a pontifical mandate raises the danger of a schism, since it jeopardizes the unity of the College of Bishops with the Pope. Consequently the Church must react by employing her most severe punishment – excommunication – with the aim of calling those thus punished to repent and to return to unity. Twenty years after the ordinations, this goal has sadly not yet been attained. The remission of the excommunication has the same aim as that of the punishment: namely, to invite the four Bishops once more to return. This gesture was possible once the interested parties had expressed their recognition in principle of the Pope and his authority as Pastor, albeit with some reservations in the area of obedience to his doctrinal authority and to the authority of the Council. Here I return to the distinction between individuals and institutions. The remission of the excommunication was a measure taken in the field of ecclesiastical discipline: the individuals were freed from the burden of conscience constituted by the most serious of ecclesiastical penalties. This disciplinary level needs to be distinguished from the doctrinal level. The fact that the Society of Saint Pius X does not possess a canonical status in the Church is not, in the end, based on disciplinary but on doctrinal reasons. As long as the Society does not have a canonical status in the Church, its ministers do not exercise legitimate ministries in the Church. There needs to be a distinction, then, between the disciplinary level, which deals with individuals as such, and the doctrinal level, at which ministry and institution are involved. In order to make this clear once again: until the doctrinal questions are clarified, the Society has no canonical status in the Church, and its ministers – even though they have been freed of the ecclesiastical penalty – do not legitimately exercise any ministry in the Church.

In light of this situation, it is my intention henceforth to join the Pontifical Commission "Ecclesia Dei" – the body which has been competent since 1988 for those communities and persons who, coming from the Society of Saint Pius X or from similar groups, wish to return to full communion with the Pope – to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. This will make it clear that the problems now to be addressed are essentially doctrinal in nature and concern primarily the acceptance of the Second Vatican Council and the post-conciliar magisterium of the Popes. The collegial bodies with which the Congregation studies questions which arise (especially the ordinary Wednesday meeting of Cardinals and the annual or biennial Plenary Session) ensure the involvement of the Prefects of the different Roman Congregations and representatives from the world’s Bishops in the process of decision-making. The Church’s teaching authority cannot be frozen in the year 1962 – this must be quite clear to the Society. But some of those who put themselves forward as great defenders of the Council also need to be reminded that Vatican II embraces the entire doctrinal history of the Church. Anyone who wishes to be obedient to the Council has to accept the faith professed over the centuries, and cannot sever the roots from which the tree draws its life.

I hope, dear Brothers, that this serves to clarify the positive significance and also the limits of the provision of 21 January 2009. But the question still remains: Was this measure needed? Was it really a priority? Aren’t other things perhaps more important? Of course there are more important and urgent matters. I believe that I set forth clearly the priorities of my pontificate in the addresses which I gave at its beginning. Everything that I said then continues unchanged as my plan of action. The first priority for the Successor of Peter was laid down by the Lord in the Upper Room in the clearest of terms: "You… strengthen your brothers" (Lk 22:32). Peter himself formulated this priority anew in his first Letter: "Always be prepared to make a defence to anyone who calls you to account for the hope that is in you" (1 Pet 3:15). In our days, when in vast areas of the world the faith is in danger of dying out like a flame which no longer has fuel, the overriding priority is to make God present in this world and to show men and women the way to God. Not just any god, but the God who spoke on Sinai; to that God whose face we recognize in a love which presses "to the end" (cf. Jn 13:1) – in Jesus Christ, crucified and risen. The real problem at this moment of our history is that God is disappearing from the human horizon, and, with the dimming of the light which comes from God, humanity is losing its bearings, with increasingly evident destructive effects.

Leading men and women to God, to the God who speaks in the Bible: this is the supreme and fundamental priority of the Church and of the Successor of Peter at the present time. A logical consequence of this is that we must have at heart the unity of all believers.
Their disunity, their disagreement among themselves, calls into question the credibility of their talk of God. Hence the effort to promote a common witness by Christians to their faith – ecumenism – is part of the supreme priority. Added to this is the need for all those who believe in God to join in seeking peace, to attempt to draw closer to one another, and to journey together, even with their differing images of God, towards the source of Light – this is interreligious dialogue. Whoever proclaims that God is Love "to the end" has to bear witness to love: in loving devotion to the suffering, in the rejection of hatred and enmity – this is the social dimension of the Christian faith, of which I spoke in the Encyclical Deus Caritas Est.

So if the arduous task of working for faith, hope and love in the world is presently (and, in various ways, always) the Church’s real priority, then part of this is also made up of acts of reconciliation, small and not so small. That the quiet gesture of extending a hand gave rise to a huge uproar, and thus became exactly the opposite of a gesture of reconciliation, is a fact which we must accept. But I ask now: Was it, and is it, truly wrong in this case to meet half-way the brother who "has something against you" (cf. Mt 5:23ff.) and to seek reconciliation? Should not civil society also try to forestall forms of extremism and to incorporate their eventual adherents – to the extent possible – in the great currents shaping social life, and thus avoid their being segregated, with all its consequences? Can it be completely mistaken to work to break down obstinacy and narrowness, and to make space for what is positive and retrievable for the whole? I myself saw, in the years after 1988, how the return of communities which had been separated from Rome changed their interior attitudes; I saw how returning to the bigger and broader Church enabled them to move beyond one-sided positions and broke down rigidity so that positive energies could emerge for the whole. Can we be totally indifferent about a community which has 491 priests, 215 seminarians, 6 seminaries, 88 schools, 2 university-level institutes, 117 religious brothers, 164 religious sisters and thousands of lay faithful? Should we casually let them drift farther from the Church? I think for example of the 491 priests. We cannot know how mixed their motives may be. All the same, I do not think that they would have chosen the priesthood if, alongside various distorted and unhealthy elements, they did not have a love for Christ and a desire to proclaim him and, with him, the living God. Can we simply exclude them, as representatives of a radical fringe, from our pursuit of reconciliation and unity? What would then become of them?

Certainly, for some time now, and once again on this specific occasion, we have heard from some representatives of that community many unpleasant things – arrogance and presumptuousness, an obsession with one-sided positions, etc. Yet to tell the truth, I must add that I have also received a number of touching testimonials of gratitude which clearly showed an openness of heart. But should not the great Church also allow herself to be generous in the knowledge of her great breadth, in the knowledge of the promise made to her? Should not we, as good educators, also be capable of overlooking various faults and making every effort to open up broader vistas? And should we not admit that some unpleasant things have also emerged in Church circles? At times one gets the impression that our society needs to have at least one group to which no tolerance may be shown; which one can easily attack and hate. And should someone dare to approach them – in this case the Pope – he too loses any right to tolerance; he too can be treated hatefully, without misgiving or restraint.

Dear Brothers, during the days when I first had the idea of writing this letter, by chance, during a visit to the Roman Seminary, I had to interpret and comment on Galatians 5:13-15. I was surprised at the directness with which that passage speaks to us about the present moment: "Do not use your freedom as an opportunity for the flesh, but through love be servants of one another. For the whole law is fulfilled in one word: ‘You shall love your neighbour as yourself’. But if you bite and devour one another, take heed that you are not consumed by one another." I am always tempted to see these words as another of the rhetorical excesses which we occasionally find in Saint Paul. To some extent that may also be the case. But sad to say, this "biting and devouring" also exists in the Church today, as expression of a poorly understood freedom. Should we be surprised that we too are no better than the Galatians? That at the very least we are threatened by the same temptations? That we must always learn anew the proper use of freedom? And that we must always learn anew the supreme priority, which is love? The day I spoke about this at the Major Seminary, the feast of Our Lady of Trust was being celebrated in Rome. And so it is: Mary teaches us trust. She leads us to her Son, in whom all of us can put our trust. He will be our guide – even in turbulent times. And so I would like to offer heartfelt thanks to all the many Bishops who have lately offered me touching tokens of trust and affection, and above all assured me of their prayers. My thanks also go to all the faithful who in these days have given me testimony of their constant fidelity to the Successor of Saint Peter. May the Lord protect all of us and guide our steps along the way of peace. This is the prayer that rises up instinctively from my heart at the beginning of this Lent, a liturgical season particularly suited to interior purification, one which invites all of us to look with renewed hope to the light which awaits us at Easter.

With a special Apostolic Blessing, I remain

Yours in the Lord,

BENEDICTUS PP. XVI

From the Vatican, 10 March 2009
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